Introduction to Data Cleaning

1- Errors Identification

Summary: Detecting and correcting inaccuracies, missing values, and outliers to maintain data integrity and reliability.

Inaccuracies Detection and Correction:

Detection Methods:

• • Visual Inspection: Review data visually for errors.
  • Descriptive Statistics: Use mean, median, and standard deviation to identify anomalies

Correction Methods:

• • Manual Correction: Correct errors manually.
  • Automated Correction: Use algorithms to correct errors.

Missing Values:

Identification Methods:

• • Descriptive Statistics: Identify variables with missing values.
  • Data Visualization: Visualize missing data patterns.

Handling Methods:

• • Imputation: Fill missing values (mean, median, mode, KNN).
  • Deletion: Remove rows or columns with missing values.
  • Predictive Models: Predict missing values using machine learning models.

Outliers:

Identification Methods:

• • Visual Inspection: Use box plots, scatter plots, histograms.
  • Statistical Methods: Use Z-score, IQR.

Treatment Methods:

• • Correction: Replace or Winsorize outliers.
  • Removal: Remove outliers.
  • Transformation: Apply data transformation techniques.

2- Missing Values Handling

Summary: Addressing missing data through techniques like imputation, deletion, or predictive models to maintain data quality.

Imputation:

• • Mean Imputation: Fill with the mean of the variable.
  • Median Imputation: Fill with the median of the variable.
  • Mode Imputation: Fill with the mode of the variable.
  • KNN Imputation: Use KNN algorithm to estimate missing values.

Deletion:

• • Listwise Deletion: Remove rows with any missing values.
  • Pairwise Deletion: Analyze available data for each variable pair.

Predictive Models:

• • Linear Regression: Predict missing values using linear regression.
  • Decision Trees: Use decision tree algorithms to predict missing values.

3- Outlier Treatment

Summary: Identifying and handling data points that deviate significantly from the norm to prevent skewing analysis results.

Identification of Outliers:

Visual Methods:

• • Box Plots: Identify outliers using the whiskers.
  • Scatter Plots: Identify outliers as deviations from the overall pattern.

Statistical Methods:

• • Z-Score: Identify outliers based on deviation from the mean.
  • IQR: Identify outliers based on the Interquartile Range.

Treatment of Outliers:

Correction:

• • Replacing: Replace outliers with a reasonable value.
  • Winsorizing: Replace outliers with the nearest value within a range.

Removal:

• • Removing: Remove outliers.
  • Trimming: Remove extreme values without deleting the entire row.

Transformation:

• • Log Transformation: Apply logarithm transformation to reduce outlier impact.
  • Box-Cox Transformation: Apply Box-Cox transformation to stabilize variance.

4- Conclusion

• Summary: Effective data cleaning is crucial for maintaining data integrity and reliability. By accurately identifying and correcting errors, handling missing values, and treating outliers, the data quality is improved, ensuring more reliable and accurate analysis and visualization results.